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Nigeria’s Press Freedom Under Pressure as Civic Violations Rise

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Nigeria’s press freedom environment remains under significant pressure, with journalists and other citizens facing arrests, harassment, intimidation and other restrictions on civic participation.

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A 2025 Journalism and Civic Space Status Report by the Wole Soyinka Centre for Investigative Journalism documented 245 verified civic-space violations between January and December 2025, based on systematic monitoring of reports from 54 media organisations.

The report, titled Silenced Voices, Shrinking Space: Civic Freedoms Under Pressure, found that state actors were involved in 219 of the 245 incidents, with the Nigeria Police Force linked to 118 of those cases.

The violations covered more than attacks on journalists alone. They included restrictions affecting citizens, journalists and broader democratic participation, with arrests, detention, harassment and other administrative, legal and institutional measures among the documented forms of infringement.

The report recorded 145 non-violent incidents, representing 59.2 per cent of the total. Arrests accounted for 49 of those cases, while detention accounted for 21 and harassment for 15.

The findings also highlighted difficult working conditions for journalists, with stakeholders raising concerns about threats from state actors, politicians and political party agents.

Participants at a stakeholder dialogue accompanying the report’s presentation also pointed to low pay, insecure employment and economic dependence within parts of the media industry as factors that can weaken journalists’ ability to resist pressure and report independently.

A separate 2025 annual report by Media Rights Agenda documented 86 incidents involving attacks against journalists, media organisations and freedom of expression rights across 27 states and the Federal Capital Territory.

The report recorded arrests and detention as the most common form of violation, with 38 cases. It also documented 21 cases of assault and battery, as well as two killings, one involving a journalist who was killed in the line of duty.

The Nigeria Police Force was identified as the alleged perpetrator in 41 of the 86 cases recorded by Media Rights Agenda, accounting for nearly half of the incidents in its dataset. The organisation also said none of the documented cases resulted in a successful investigation or prosecution of perpetrators.

The wider picture is also reflected in international press freedom assessments. Reporters Without Borders currently describes Nigeria as one of West Africa’s most dangerous and difficult countries for journalists, citing monitoring, attacks and arbitrary arrests. Its 2026 World Press Freedom Index placed Nigeria 112th out of 180 countries, compared with 122nd in 2025.

The Committee to Protect Journalists has similarly documented arrests, attacks and harassment involving journalists in Nigeria. In a 2026 letter to President Bola Tinubu, the organisation said it had documented numerous cases of journalists being detained and mistreated, while also citing data from Nigerian press freedom organisations.

The WSCIJ report warned that the pressure on civic space has implications beyond individual journalists, as restrictions on expression and public participation can weaken accountability and democratic engagement.

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Grey CEO Urges Africa to Ditch Dollar for Trade

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Grey CEO Idorenyin Obong says intra-African trade payments should bypass the dollar, as the fintech expands direct currency conversion routes

African businesses should be able to pay suppliers across the continent without routing transactions through the United States dollar, Grey co-founder and Chief Executive Officer, Idorenyin Obong, has said, as the cross-border payments company expands its currency conversion infrastructure.

Also read: CAF Restores AFCON to Every Two Years After Reversing Four-Year Plan

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Obong made the remarks on Thursday, October 29, on the sidelines of Moonshot by TechCabal 2026, a two-day technology conference held at the National Theatre in Lagos.

He said reliance on intermediary currencies, particularly the dollar, adds complexity to transactions between African countries and can worsen existing foreign exchange liquidity challenges.

According to him, Grey has developed direct currency conversion routes that allow payments between selected African currencies without requiring businesses to convert their funds into dollars first.

“Most times, if you’re trading within Africa, there’s always some form of intermediary currency,” Obong said.

“We’ve built out these currency pairs, these exotic currency pairs, such that you never have to go in between to the USD.”

The issue is significant for businesses operating across African markets, where differences in currency availability, banking arrangements and payment infrastructure can make cross-border transactions expensive or unpredictable.

For example, a Nigerian company paying a supplier in Kenya may traditionally have to convert naira into dollars before exchanging the dollars for Kenyan shillings.

Each conversion introduces another stage in the transaction, potentially increasing costs and exposing the payment to additional delays.

Grey says its direct currency routes are designed to simplify that process by connecting supported currencies more efficiently.

The company said its payment infrastructure currently enables customers in Nigeria, Kenya and Ghana to send and receive money, with liquidity arrangements supporting transactions in multiple currencies.

It also said payments can be settled in real time across several supported currencies.

However, the availability of direct routes does not mean that all African currencies can be exchanged freely or that every transaction will avoid dollar intermediation.

Currency coverage, liquidity and regulatory requirements remain important considerations in cross-border payments.

Obong identified foreign exchange liquidity and payment reliability as two of the biggest difficulties confronting businesses that trade internationally.

He said uncertainty over when suppliers will receive their money can disrupt procurement schedules and weaken commercial relationships.

Grey has therefore invested in infrastructure intended to improve the predictability of international payouts, including providing customers with estimated delivery times.

“We spent the last six years building the infrastructure to ensure that we’re delivering at the last mile at 99.99% to our customers,” Obong said.

He also disclosed that Grey had processed more than 40 million transactions and nearly $5bn in payments since the company began operations in 2020.

The company has expanded beyond individual currency exchange services into business payments and international salary management.

Its Grey Business platform, designed for startups and small businesses, has processed nearly $100m since launching in February, according to the company.

Grey previously reported that the business platform processed $61.4m in its first four months, with demand partly driven by stablecoin-based payments.

The fintech has also extended its payout services to China, allowing businesses to pay suppliers in Chinese yuan.

The expansion reflects its effort to serve companies whose international supply chains extend beyond African markets.

Grey’s development has followed changes in customer demand since its launch in 2020.

Obong said the company initially operated as a currency exchange service but discovered that many customers were primarily using the platform to receive salaries earned abroad.

“Most of our customers were using Grey to receive their foreign salary. And so we decided to build what I would call simply a salary account for these customers,” he said.

That shift led to Paycheck, a product that enables professionals earning in dollars, pounds and euros to receive and manage their salaries.

The service also integrates with Pouch, Grey’s savings feature, which allows users to set aside money for goals such as education, travel and major purchases.

The company’s expansion comes amid wider efforts to improve financial connectivity across African markets.

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which seeks to create a more integrated continental market, has made trade facilitation, payment systems and currency-related barriers important parts of the conversation about intra-African commerce.

One initiative in this area is the Pan-African Payment and Settlement System (PAPSS), developed to facilitate cross-border payments in local African currencies.

The system is intended to reduce reliance on third-party currencies and make intra-African trade payments more efficient.

Grey’s direct currency routes address a related challenge through its own commercial payment infrastructure, although the company’s services and PAPSS are separate initiatives with different operating models.

Obong’s comments also came as the company faced questions about customer experiences, including difficulties accessing foreign currency accounts and obtaining support.

Grey said it provides round-the-clock digital assistance and operates a physical office, while maintaining that online support is more effective for directing customer complaints to its distributed teams.

Grey was the headline sponsor of Moonshot by TechCabal 2026, held on October 28 and 29 in Lagos.

The conference brought together technology companies, investors, entrepreneurs and other industry participants to discuss innovation, investment and business opportunities across Africa.

For Grey, the ambition is to make international payments less complicated for businesses and individuals.

Also read: CAF Restores AFCON to Every Two Years After Reversing Four-Year Plan

Its push towards direct currency conversion reflects a broader question facing African commerce: how much more efficiently could companies trade across the continent if paying a supplier did not routinely require passing through the dollar?

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NANYD Faults Miners’ Death Probe, Alleges NSCDC Witch-Hunt

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NANYD questions the miners’ death probe report, alleging contradictions in its findings and recommendations against NSCDC leadership (more…)

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Top 10 Countries Offering Affordable Education Abroad

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Discover 10 affordable countries for international students, with estimated tuition fees, living costs and study opportunities abroad (more…)

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