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ExxonMobil Under Fire Over Delayed $1bn Usan Oil Field Development

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ExxonMobil Usan Project promises new oil output but also raises questions over years of delayed investment and regulatory oversight in Nigeria

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The announcement by ExxonMobil of a $1 billion investment in the ExxonMobil Usan Project has been welcomed as a positive development for Nigeria’s oil industry.

Also read: NNPCL Signs Bold Deal With Chinese Firms for Refinery Revival

The offshore development is expected to add about 40,000 barrels of crude oil per day when production peaks, offering a timely boost to a country seeking to raise output and improve foreign exchange earnings.

Yet, behind the optimism surrounding the investment lies a broader conversation about whether the project represents genuine progress or the delayed delivery of an opportunity that has existed for years.

For almost a decade, ExxonMobil’s Nigerian affiliate, Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria Limited, carried out little new drilling activity after its last major campaign in 2016.

During that period, Nigeria struggled with declining crude oil production, fluctuating government revenues, crude theft and reduced investment across the upstream sector.

Against that backdrop, industry observers argue that the Usan development raises an unavoidable question: why has a project capable of reaching first oil within months only now moved into execution?

The Usan field is not a newly discovered asset. Existing infrastructure, including the Floating Production, Storage and Offloading vessel, was already available, known reserves had been appraised and the technical capability to execute an infill drilling programme had long existed.

For some analysts, the latest investment therefore represents less of a breakthrough than the implementation of a project whose commercial potential had been evident for years.

That delay carries significant economic implications.

Throughout the period of inactivity, Nigeria sought to increase production to maximise earnings during periods of relatively favourable oil prices while also attempting to attract fresh upstream investment.

Each year without additional production represented forgone export earnings, government revenue and associated economic activity.

The discussion also extends beyond ExxonMobil itself.

Regulatory institutions, including the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited and Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board, have statutory responsibilities to promote investment, improve efficiency and safeguard Nigeria’s interests within the petroleum sector.

While those agencies have welcomed the project as evidence of renewed investor confidence following the implementation of the Petroleum Industry Act, critics contend that questions remain over whether stronger regulatory engagement could have accelerated the development years earlier.

The project’s execution strategy has also drawn attention.

Rather than constructing entirely new production infrastructure, ExxonMobil plans to develop the field by tying new wells back to the existing Floating Production, Storage and Offloading facility.

From an operational standpoint, the approach reduces capital expenditure, shortens project timelines and improves commercial efficiency.

However, some industry commentators argue that under Nigeria’s Production Sharing Contract framework, lower upfront investment also enables operators to recover development costs more quickly before profit sharing with the government increases.

While such an approach is commercially rational for investors, it has prompted debate over whether Nigeria is fully optimising the long-term value of its hydrocarbon resources.

Perhaps the most striking aspect of the announcement is the project’s implementation schedule.

ExxonMobil has indicated that first oil is expected within six months of execution, with peak production anticipated within 18 months.

To many observers, that timeline suggests the principal obstacle was not technical capability but the pace of investment decisions and project execution.

If the additional production can be delivered so rapidly, questions naturally arise over how much output and revenue may have been lost during the intervening years.

At the same time, there are countervailing considerations.

Global upstream investment decisions have been shaped by volatile oil prices, changing energy transition policies, investor demands for capital discipline and the regulatory uncertainty that preceded Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Act.

International oil companies have increasingly prioritised projects capable of delivering competitive returns within evolving global portfolios.

Those factors provide important context for understanding why several large-scale Nigerian upstream projects experienced delays across the industry rather than at ExxonMobil alone.

The ExxonMobil Usan Project nevertheless offers an important opportunity for reflection.

If successfully delivered, the investment will contribute additional crude production, support government revenues and reinforce confidence in Nigeria’s offshore sector.

Equally, it highlights the importance of creating a regulatory environment that not only approves investments efficiently but also encourages timely project execution and greater accountability from both operators and public institutions.

As Nigeria seeks to reverse declining production and attract fresh capital into its petroleum industry, the success of future projects may depend as much on reducing delays as on securing new investment commitments.

Also read: NNPC Brings Together Top African R&D Chiefs For Energy Innovation Drive

The Usan development demonstrates that significant opportunities remain available, but unlocking them consistently will require coordinated action from investors, regulators and policymakers alike.

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TotalEnergies, AMNI Approve $800m Ima Gas Project

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TotalEnergies and Nigerian independent energy company AMNI International have taken the Final Investment Decision on the $800 million Ima Gas Project, more than five decades after the gas field was discovered.

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The Ima Gas Project, located in shallow waters across Oil Mining Leases 112 and 117 near Bonny Island, Rivers State, is expected to begin production in 2028 and reach a plateau of 350 million cubic feet of gas per day.

The development is expected to play a major role in supplying feed gas to Nigeria LNG, with the Ima field projected to provide about one-third of the additional gas required for the ongoing Train 7 expansion.

Train 7 is expected to increase Nigeria LNG’s liquefaction capacity from 22 million tonnes per annum to 30 million tonnes per annum, strengthening Nigeria’s capacity to process and export liquefied natural gas.

The Ima field was discovered in 1973 but remained undeveloped for more than 50 years. The Final Investment Decision provides the commercial and financial basis for finally developing the long-dormant resource.

Under the development plan, TotalEnergies will operate the project with a 40 per cent interest, while AMNI will hold the remaining 60 per cent.

The field will be developed using a single offshore platform connected to Nigeria LNG’s facility on Bonny Island through a 22-kilometre pipeline.

TotalEnergies said its investment in the project is more than $600 million, while the Federal Government described the overall Final Investment Decision as an $800 million investment.

At the FID signing ceremony in Abuja, TotalEnergies Exploration and Production Nigeria Managing Director, Mathieu Bouyer, described the decision as the culmination of a development process that had stretched across several decades.

He said the project reflected increased confidence in Nigeria’s investment environment and highlighted reforms targeting the non-associated gas sector as part of the factors that helped make the development commercially viable.

President Bola Tinubu welcomed the investment, saying the project demonstrated the potential of reforms introduced to reduce the cost and time required to develop oil and gas projects.

The President said the government had introduced incentives aimed specifically at unlocking onshore and shallow-water gas projects that had remained undeveloped for years.

He said the Ima development would create opportunities for Nigerian businesses, engineers, technicians and contractors, while generating jobs, economic activity in host communities and additional export earnings.

The project is also expected to have a strong Nigerian content component. TotalEnergies said all key contractors for the development would be Nigerian companies, while about 60 per cent of the workforce during the development phase is expected to come from host communities.

The development will incorporate measures aimed at reducing emissions. TotalEnergies said the platform would receive electricity from shore, operate without routine flaring and use permanent methane detection and monitoring systems.

The Federal Government said the project is part of efforts to turn Nigeria’s large natural gas reserves into productive assets capable of supporting industrialisation, energy supply, jobs and export earnings.

Special Adviser to the President on Energy, Olu Verheijen, said the Ima development illustrated the importance of creating commercial and investment conditions that allow previously stranded resources to be developed.

The government also noted that Nigerian financial institutions arranged 77 per cent of the project’s financing, further highlighting the participation of domestic financial institutions in the development.

For Nigeria LNG, the project comes as the company continues work on the Train 7 expansion, which is designed to increase the Bonny Island plant’s liquefaction capacity and strengthen the country’s position in the global LNG market.

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Adron Homes unveils Ile-Ife housing plan ahead of Olojo 2026

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Adron Homes unveils plans for an Ile-Ife Premium Estate at the 11th Olojo Festival, linking housing development with culture and tourism (more…)

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Dangote Group Plans $45bn Expansion, Targets $100bn Revenue

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The Dangote Group is pursuing a $45bn investment programme across its businesses as it targets annual revenue of $100bn by 2030, with Dangote Cement expected to play a major role in funding the conglomerate’s next phase of expansion.

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The group’s expansion strategy covers cement, refining, fertiliser, gas, infrastructure and other industrial businesses as it seeks to increase production capacity and strengthen its presence across African markets.

Dangote Cement, described as the group’s largest cash-generating business, is targeting an increase in annual production capacity from its current 55 million tonnes to more than 80 million tonnes as part of the growth programme.

The cement company said its expansion strategy would rely substantially on internally generated cash, reflecting the strength of its existing operations and cash-generating capacity.

In the 12 months to June 2026, Dangote Cement recorded revenue of $3.1bn, representing a 22 per cent year-on-year increase. Its cash conversion stood at 89 per cent, while return on capital employed reached 68 per cent during the period.

The company’s financial performance has also remained strong in naira terms. For the first half of 2026, Dangote Cement reported profit before tax of N981.39bn, up 34.43 per cent from N730.03bn recorded in the corresponding period of 2025. Profit after tax rose 22.69 per cent to N638.53bn.

The group’s wider investment plan is expected to include further expansion of the Dangote Refinery, with its capacity targeted to rise towards 1.4 million barrels per day. The company is also pursuing gas and LNG projects and additional industrial investments across Africa.

Dangote Cement’s expansion includes projects such as the proposed six-million-tonne-per-year plant at Itori in Ogun State, which is expected to strengthen the company’s production base as demand for cement and construction materials grows across the continent.

The group is also increasingly positioning its businesses around export earnings and geographically diversified operations. Management expects a larger share of revenue to be generated in foreign currency as its African expansion gathers pace.

The scale of the investment programme is underpinned by the group’s broader Vision 2030 strategy, which includes a target of more than $30bn in adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation by 2030 alongside the $100bn revenue objective.

For Dangote Cement, the strategy represents a combination of capacity expansion and financial discipline, with strong operating cash flows expected to support investment while maintaining the company’s balance-sheet strength.

The wider Dangote Group is therefore positioning its 2030 strategy around expanding industrial capacity, increasing exports and using the cash generated by established businesses to finance further growth across Africa.

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