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US tariff threatens Nigeria’s AGOA gains, diversification– NACC president

A new US tariff imperils Nigeria’s $277bn in Nigeria AGOA trade, predominantly oil, highlighting the urgent need for export diversification beyond petroleum.

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Nigeria AGOA Trade

A new US tariff imperils Nigeria’s $277bn in Nigeria AGOA trade, predominantly oil, highlighting the urgent need for export diversification beyond petroleum

 

Nigeria’s significant participation in the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) faces serious jeopardy following US President Donald Trump’s recent announcement of a newly imposed 14 per cent tariff.

Also read: Nigerian-American Chamber of Commerce To Inaugurate 20th President & Executive Council, Unveils Bold Economic Agenda

This policy shift threatens to negate the preferential trade advantages offered by AGOA and intensifies concerns regarding Nigeria’s ongoing efforts to diversify its export base.

In an exclusive interview, Alhaji Sheriff Balogun, President of the Nigerian-American Chamber of Commerce, provided crucial insights into Nigeria’s global trade strategy and the potential ramifications of this new tariff.

Since its inception in 2000, Nigeria has exported an estimated $277 billion worth of goods to the United States under the AGOA framework.

However, Alhaji Balogun highlighted a critical imbalance: “The vast majority of this value has come from crude oil shipments.

In fact, petroleum products have overwhelmingly dominated Nigeria’s AGOA exports each year – oil alone accounts for practically all of Nigeria’s exports under the programme by value.”

This over-reliance on oil signifies that for over two decades, Nigeria’s engagement with AGOA has been overwhelmingly tied to a single commodity.

Non-oil exports, including agricultural and manufactured goods, have constituted only a minor fraction of the total export value.

Nigeria’s annual average AGOA exports to the US hover around $10–$12 billion. Yet, Alhaji Balogun pointed out that this average masks considerable fluctuations.

During the mid-2000s oil boom, Nigeria’s exports to the US under AGOA soared, reaching over $35 billion in 2008. However, after 2010, a decline in US demand for Nigerian crude, spurred by increased US oil production, caused Nigeria’s AGOA exports to plummet, dropping dramatically from $17.2 billion in 2009 to a mere $1.4 billion in 2015.

While exports have since rebounded somewhat, this volatility underscores Nigeria’s vulnerability due to its dependence on oil.

Alhaji Balogun explained the detrimental impact of the new 14 per cent US tariff: “A blanket 14 per cent tariff on Nigerian goods would undercut the duty-free access that AGOA currently provides.”

He elaborated that AGOA’s core benefit, allowing eligible Nigerian exports to enter the US tariff-free and gain a price advantage, would be significantly eroded.

The imposition of a 14 per cent import tax would make Nigerian products more expensive in the US market, leading to higher costs for Nigerian exporters and US importers, reduced competitiveness against tariff-free AGOA nations, and potentially lower export volumes as US buyers seek alternative suppliers.

“In essence, the 14 per cent tariff effectively nullifies much of Nigeria’s AGOA advantage, putting its exporters at a disadvantage and potentially shrinking Nigeria’s U.S.-bound exports if it remains in effect,” he summarised.

Despite the substantial overall export value, Alhaji Balogun revealed that “relatively few Nigerian companies have taken part in AGOA trade, aside from the oil sector.”

He estimated that the total number of Nigerian firms exporting to the US under AGOA since 2000 is likely less than a hundred.

Alarmingly, annual participation is also exceptionally low, with roughly 20–40 Nigerian firms (excluding oil) exporting to the US via AGOA in a typical year.

This underutilisation of AGOA by Nigerian businesses highlights a significant missed opportunity for economic diversification.

Alhaji Balogun reiterated that “oil is by far the biggest beneficiary” of AGOA in Nigeria, accounting for over 95 per cent of the export value.

While some non-oil sectors, such as agriculture (cocoa beans, sesame seeds, cashew nuts, shea butter), have seen modest growth, their volumes remain small compared to Nigeria’s potential.

Notably, Nigeria has failed to significantly capitalise on AGOA’s benefits for textiles and apparel, unlike several other African nations. Exports of manufactured or value-added products have also been negligible.

Comparing Nigeria’s AGOA performance to other top beneficiaries, Alhaji Balogun noted that while Nigeria’s export value has been high due to oil, other nations like South Africa and Kenya have achieved more diversified export portfolios, including manufactured goods and apparel, leading to job creation in those sectors.

This comparison underscores Nigeria’s underutilisation of AGOA’s potential for industrial and export diversification.

Looking ahead, Alhaji Balogun stressed that “Nigeria has yet to truly use AGOA as a tool for diversification.” While AGOA boosted oil exports when US demand was high, it has not transformed Nigeria’s non-oil export sectors.

He acknowledged encouraging signs in agricultural exports but emphasised the need for Nigeria to scale up these efforts by improving product quality, meeting US standards, and investing in processing.

With AGOA set to expire in September unless renewed, Alhaji Balogun urged Nigeria to maximise its benefits in the short term and proactively exploit any future similar programmes.

He warned that the new US tariff “blunts the incentive for firms to invest in exporting to the US,” making it crucial for the Nigerian government to intensify policies supporting non-oil exports to ensure more businesses can benefit from trade initiatives.

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Wema Bank Opens Final Window for One-Day MD/CEO Challenge Ahead of Children’s Day

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Wema Bank Children’s Day entries close on May 20 as the bank invites children to compete for a one-day MD/CEO experience

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Wema Bank Faults NDIC’s Claims on Legacy Transactions Involving Defunct Gulf Bank Plc

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Wema Bank Plc has noted with concern recent media publications containing false, misleading, and wholly unsubstantiated allegations regarding the sale of certain Banana Island properties purportedly linked to the defunct Gulf Bank Plc. We unequivocally reject these claims, which are inaccurate, malicious, and clearly intended to distort the true position. For the benefit of our stakeholders—shareholders, customers, regulators, and the general public—we set out below the factual background to the transaction.

The Original Exposure and Default
In 2002, Wema Bank Plc (the Bank) made an inter-bank placement with Gulf Bank Plc in the sum of ₦4.6 billion. By August 2004, that exposure had been reduced to approximately ₦1.2 billion, after which the outstanding obligation became delinquent. In seeking to recover depositors’ and shareholders’ funds, Wema Bank pursued lawful recovery steps, which ultimately dovetailed into a criminal investigation of the then Managing Director of Gulf Bank Plc.

Based on the investigation of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), the funds were found to have been diverted and used to acquire properties in Banana Island, Lagos, through two separate companies Bacad Finance & Investment Company Ltd (now known as Supra Commercial Trust Limited) and Euston Wenberg Eng Ltd. It is important to note that neither Bacad Finance & Investment Company Ltd (nor its successor, Supra Commercial Trust Limited) nor Euston Wenberg Eng Ltd is one and the same as Gulf Bank Plc. They are separate and distinct entities with no identity or equivalence to Gulf Bank. And the two companies are not subject to NDIC supervision.

In the course of its investigation, the EFCC conducted asset-tracing exercises that uncovered significant underlying fraud on a substantial scale. Following the EFCC’s findings, Bacad Finance & Investment Company Ltd and Euston Wenberg Eng Ltd voluntarily relinquished their proprietary interests in the Banana Island properties towards the satisfaction of Gulf Bank Indebtedness to Wema Bank. That process formed part of Wema Bank’s lawful recovery efforts and underscores the legitimacy of its actions against Gulf Bank.

NDIC’s Acknowledgment, Admission of Indebtedness, and Payment of Shortfall.
Critically, following the liquidation of Gulf Bank, Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) admitted Gulf Bank’s indebtedness to Wema Bank in two separate letters:
A letter dated September 26, 2007, addressed to the Federal Land Registry; and
A letter dated June 10, 2009, addressed directly to Wema Bank Plc.
These letters constitute clear and formal recognition by the NDIC of the validity of Wema Bank’s claim against the defunct Gulf Bank and its interest over the property in question. Fortunately, both letters form part of the documents frontloaded by NDIC lawyer Dr. Dada Awosika SAN in court in the ongoing proceedings before Justice Allagoa of the Federal High Court Lagos.

Furthermore, after the sale of the properties, the NDIC in fact paid to Wema Bank, the shortfall of what was due to the Bank. These facts demonstrate that the NDIC was not only aware of the transaction but actively participated in settling the outstanding balance following the sale.

In light of the foregoing:
the voluntary relinquishment by Bacad (now Supra Commercial Trust Limited) and Euston Wenberg (distinct entities not constituting Gulf Bank), of the properties in Banana Island for the settlement of the indebtedness of the defunct Gulf Bank

the NDIC’s formal admission of Gulf Bank’s indebtedness to Wema Bank via its letters of September 26, 2007 (to the Federal Land Registry) and June 10, 2009 (to Wema Bank), both of which have been frontloaded in court by NDIC itself, and the acknowledgement of the relinquishment of the Banana Island properties, and the NDIC’s own payment of the shortfall to Wema Bank,

NDIC is precluded from and cannot in good faith contest the relinquishment of those interests or the appropriateness of Wema Bank’s recovery efforts.

While we acknowledge that the NDIC has recently commenced two separate actions against Wema Bank at the Federal High Court, Lagos, purportedly in its capacity as liquidator of Gulf Bank Plc pursuant to a winding-up order, those proceedings do not alter the material facts stated above. As these matters are currently before the court and therefore sub judice, Wema Bank will refrain from commenting further on issues that fall for judicial determination. The Bank is taking all necessary steps to contest the suits filed in court and will explore all legal and legitimate means to protect its rights and interests.

Conclusion

Wema Bank Plc remains steadfast in its commitment to the highest standards of corporate governance, regulatory compliance, and transparency. We reaffirm our dedication to ethical and prudent banking practices and assure our shareholders, customers, regulators, and all relevant stakeholders that the Bank will continue to act responsibly, lawfully, and in the best interests of all parties it serves. The Bank will continue to exert its rights and will not succumb to the shenanigans of unscrupulous individuals who want to reap where they did not sow.

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Wema Bank Unveils N170m 5for5 Reward Scheme Season Five

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Wema Bank has launched Season Five of its 5for5 reward scheme with over N170m in prizes to promote digital banking and inclusion (more…)

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